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K2GRAIN.DOC
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Ukrainian Famine
The dreadful famine that engulfed Ukraine, the northern
Caucasus, and the lower Volga River area in 1932-1933 was the
rssult of Joseph Stalin's policy of forced collectivization. The
heaviest losses occurred in Ukraine, which had been the most
productive agricultural area of the Soviet Union. Stalin was
determined to crush all vestiges of Ukrainian nationalism. Thus,
the famine was accompanied by a devastating purge of the
Ukrainian intelligentsia and the Ukrainian Communist party
itself. The famine broke the peasants' will to resist
collectivization and left Ukraine politically, socially, and
psychologically traumatized.
The policy of all-out collectivization instituted by Stalin
in 1929 to finance industrialization had a disastrous effect on
agricultural productivity. Nevertheless, in 1932 Stalin raised
Ukraine's grain procurement quotas by forty-four percent. This
meant that there would not be enough grain to feed the peasants,
since Soviet law required that no grain from a collective farm
could be given to the members of the farm until the government's
quota was met. Stalin's decision and the methods used to
implement it condemned millions of peasants to death by
starvation. Party officials, with the aid of regular troops and
secret police units, waged a merciless war of attrition against
peasants who refused to give up their grain. Even indispensible
seed grain was forcibly confiscated from peasant households. Any
man, woman, or child caught taking even a handful of grain from a
collective farm could be, and often was, executed or deported.
Those who did not appear to be starving were often suspected of
hoarding grain. Peasants were prevented from leaving their
villages by the NKVD and a system of internal passports.
The death toll from the 1932-33 famine in Ukraine has been
estimated between six million and seven million. According to a
Soviet author, "Before they died, people often lost their senses
and ceased to be human beings." Yet one of Stalin's lieutenants
in Ukraine stated in 1933 that the famine was a great success.
It showed the peasants "who is the master here. It cost millions
of lives, but the collective farm system is here to stay."
Addendum to the minutes of Politburo [meeting] No. 93.
RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S COMMISSARS OF THE UKRAINIAN
SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC AND OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE
COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIK) OF UKRAINE ON BLACKLISTING VILLAGES
THAT MALICIOUSLY SABOTAGE THE COLLECTION OF GRAIN.
In view of the shameful collapse of grain collection in the
more remote regions of Ukraine, the Council of People's
Commissars and the Central Committee call upon the oblast
executive committees and the oblast [party] committees as well as
the raion executive committees and the raion [party] committees:
to break up the sabotage of grain collection, which has been
organized by kulak and counterrevolutionary elements; to
liquidate the resistance of some of the rural communists, who in
fact have become the leaders of the sabotage; to eliminate the
passivity and complacency toward the saboteurs, incompatible with
being a party member; and to ensure, with maximum speed, full and
absolute compliance with the plan for grain collection.
The Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee
resolve:
To place the following villages on the black list for overt
disruption of the grain collection plan and for malicious
sabotage, organized by kulak and counterrevolutionary elements:
1. village of Verbka in Pavlograd raion, Dnepropetrovsk
oblast.
...
5. village of Sviatotroitskoe in Troitsk raion, Odessa oblast.
6. village of Peski in Bashtan raion, Odessa oblast.
The following measures should be undertaken with respect to
these villages :
1. Immediate cessation of delivery of goods, complete
suspension of cooperative and state trade in the villages, and
removal of all available goods from cooperative and state stores.
2. Full prohibition of collective farm trade for both
collective farms and collective farmers, and for private farmers.
3. Cessation of any sort of credit and demand for early
repayment of credit and other financial obligations.
4. Investigation and purge of all sorts of foreign and
hostile elements from cooperative and state institutions, to be
carried out by organs of the Workers and Peasants Inspectorate.
5. Investigation and purge of collective farms in these
villages, with removal of counterrevolutionary elements and
organizers of grain collection disruption.
The Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee
call upon all collective and private farmers who are honest and
dedicated to Soviet rule to organize all their efforts for a
merciless struggle against kulaks and their accomplices in order
to: defeat in their villages the kulak sabotage of grain
collection; fulfill honestly and conscientiously their grain
collection obligations to the Soviet authorities; and strengthen
collective farms.
CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF PEOPLE'S
COMMISSARS OF THE UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST
REPUBLIC - V. CHUBAR'.
SECRETARY OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE
COMMUNIST PARTY (BOLSHEVIK) OF UKRAINE - S.
KOSIOR.
6 December 1932.
True copy